Nudge Action Research

in Lampung Selatan and Pringsewu Districts

SNV Netherlands Development Organisation

SNV is an international not-for-profit development organisation, working in
38 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. SNV specializes in
supporting the resourcefulness of development actors by developing local
capacities, improving performance and services, strengthening governance
systems, helping to create access for excluded groups and by making markets
work for the poor. Our global team of advisors use their specialist sector
and change expertise in Agriculture, Renewable Energy and WASH to facilitate
sustainable change in the livelihoods of millions of people living in
poverty.

Supporting STBM in Lampung Programme

SNV recognizes the enormous economic and social potential of improving
sanitation and hygiene in Indonesia. Benefits include improved health,
reduced risk of disease and increased productivity and income for millions
of families.

Despite Indonesia’s rapid economic progress, 100 million people still don’t
have access to improved sanitation facilities. Acknowledging that access to
improved sanitation is a basic human right, the government of Indonesia has
developed the STBM (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat) programme to improve
sanitation and hygiene coverage in rural areas in order to achieve 100%
coverage by 2019. STBM promotes community-wide achievement of five key
pillars in sanitation and hygiene behaviour: to stop open defecation; to
wash hands with soap; to safely handle drinking water and food; and to
safely manage solid and liquid domestic waste.

SNV’s strategy is to assist and work with the Government to implement STBM
in targeted areas. The overall goal of the project ‘Supporting STBM in
Lampung Province’ is to improve the health and quality of life for 220,000
people living in the districts of Lampung Selatan, Tanggamus, and Pringsewu,
all in the Province of Lampung.

As a part of its WASH in Schools intervention, SNV is commissioning a
research about Nudges as a behaviour trigger for the sustainable promotion
of hand washing with soap in Lampung Selatan and Pringsewu Districts. Hand
washing with soap can reduce risk of infections, however improving hand
hygiene behaviour has proven difficult. In high-income countries, nudge has
gained attention to trigger desired behavioural outcomes. Nudges can take
many forms, including environmental cues that engage automatic decision
making process (Dreibelbis, 2016).

Objectives

The objective of this research is to collect data about hand washing with
soap behavior, before and after the installation of nudge in 10 selected
schools in Lampung Selatan and Pringsewu Districts, with the purpose of
understanding the effectiveness and sustainability of nudges as a visual
trigger for behavior change.

The specific objectives of the research are as follows:

1. A characterisation of each of the targeted schools: location, type of
school, number of grades, number of students (male/female), number of
teachers (male/female), number of sanitation facilities in place
(male/female), type of sanitation facilities in place, level of cleanliness
of the sanitation facilities in place (according to SNV’s scale), number of
hand washing facilities in place (including availability of water and soap);

2. Analyse current conditions, potential and constraints related to hand
washing with soap behaviour, including existing programmes at the school
level.

3. Assess the effectiveness of nudges as a strategy to trigger behaviour
change, including quantitative results measurement and sustainability
measurement.

4. Recommend potential solutions the SNV programme could implement to
increase hand washing with soap in schools based on the nudges experience as
well as on other potentials/constraints identified and how to maximise the
potential/effectiveness of existing programmes/initiatives on sanitation and
hygiene in schools and specifically for hand washing behaviour.

Methodology and Research Tools

Methodology

SNV advises a combination of qualitative and quantitative method to be used
in this research. Data about the WASH conditions/situation at schools is to
be collected through observation and questionnaires. A baseline survey based
on observation of the frequency of hand washing behavior before the nudges
experience is mandatory, as well as an evaluation of the results afterwards.
This assessment is to be quantitative and provide the absolute and relative
increase of the frequency and moments of hand washing with soap. The “after”
assessment will happen in 3 moments: immediately afterwards the nudges
installation; 3 weeks after and 6 weeks after. Attention is to be paid to
the consistency of data collection method and tool to ensure comparability
of before and after (in the 3 monitoring moments) results. This quantitative
assessment is to be complemented and contextualized by qualitative data
collection in the targeted schools to support the understanding of hand
washing with soap behavior. Interviews and FGDs with teachers and students
are expected. First hand testimonies are to be collected. The qualitative
data is to be treated and analyzed resorting to secondary data (other
studies, official statistics) whenever relevant.

Selection of research sites

A list of the selected schools will be provided by SNV.

Selection of key contacts with the schools

SNV will support with the key contacts list and facilitate the introduction
and coordination meeting.

Deliverables

The expected deliverables from the selected consultants are:

1. Detailed research protocol, including research tools;

2. Nudges installed in the 10 selected schools;

3. Draft research report in English, with a 2 pages summary in Bahasa
Indonesia, of no more than 20 pages long excluding annexes;

4. PowerPoint presentation of the report in Bahasa Indonesia to be
presented on dissemination workshop;

5. Finalised research report in English, with a 2 pages summary in Bahasa
Indonesia, of no more than 20 pages long excluding annexes within seven days
of receiving comments.

Responsibilities

SNV

* Give advice on the research set up and design, provide feedback as
required;

* Pay the fee and costs related to the research;

* Assist with arranging coordination meeting and dissemination
workshop.

Consultants/Research Team

* Lead the research, including design, implementation (includes
baseline survey, third party assignment on nudge construction, and
monitoring and evaluation), report writing, and final presentation to the
stakeholders within the agreed timeframe;

* Involve SNV, Local Government, and schools in research process.

Timeframe

The research will be starting from April to June 2017 (maximum 22 working
days) with the following timeline:

Budget

SNV will cover researchers and enumerators’ fee costs, nudges installation
costs, local transport, DSA and snacks for meetings with relevant
stakeholders.

The applicants are requested to submit a financial proposal in line with
activities and results.

Implementation Arrangement

Consultants will report to the Rural Sanitation Programme Leader and will
work closely with the Rural Sanitation Team.

Payment will be made in IDR to the maximum account with agreed terms of
payment.

Qualifications

Research team, preferably from local university, should include experienced
professionals with academic background in social sciences. Previous
experience in sanitation, hygiene, or public health issues is valued. The
proposed team may consist of the leading researcher and supporting
researchers to conduct the data collection.

The consultants must be fluent in Bahasa Indonesia and able to write report
in English.

Application Process

Please send the application documents as follow:

* Expression of interest

* CV of the research team

* Sample of research report

* Technical and financial proposal

to <mailto:procurement.snv@gmail.com> procurement.snv@gmail.com by 7th
April 2017 with the subject “Nudge Research-Lampung”.

For more information on SNV please refer to our website:
<http://www.snvworld.org> www.snvworld.org

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